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Abstract

Introduction: This dual-focused study aimed (1) to conduct a comprehensive literature review of interprofessional education (IPE) initiatives across health disciplines to examine collaboration patterns, delivery methods, validated assessment tools, and outcome measures and (2) to develop an evidence-informed framework and checklist, based on the findings and identified gaps, to improve the standardization and reporting of IPE programs.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across three professional databases, targeting peer-reviewed publications from 2012 to 2024. Inclusion criteria prioritized studies that provided detailed descriptions of IPE intervention delivery, utilized validated measurement tools, and demonstrated participant engagement to ensure the selection of high-quality evidence.

Results: Ten studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising seven systematic reviews and three meta-analyses. Common themes included similar target populations of health sciences students and shared IPE objectives; however, substantial variation in intervention design, delivery, and outcome measurement limited comparability. No consensus emerged regarding optimal delivery methods.

Discussion: Findings revealed persistent inconsistencies in IPE program design and reporting. In response to these gaps, an innovative IPE framework and accompanying checklist were developed to guide the standardized design, implementation, and reporting of initiatives. These tools are intended to promote replicability, strengthen reporting quality, and support the broader application of findings across diverse educational settings. Variability in IPE initiative design and reporting practices continues to hinder generalizability and effective replication. The proposed framework and checklist offer a structured approach to improving consistency, transparency, and impact in IPE program development.

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