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Author ORCID Identifier

Er D. Petil Jr.: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9536-8907

Napoleon R. Caballero: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3413-6279

Abstract

Introduction: Community-based rehabilitation (CBR) is a widely recognized approach to address the rehabilitation needs of individuals with disabilities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Physical therapy (PT) plays a crucial role within CBR programs. This study aimed to synthesize the current state of literature regarding the integration of PT in CBR programs in LMICs across Asia, Africa, and Latin America, examining key characteristics, reported outcomes, and challenges to implementation.

Methods: A comprehensive review of literature was conducted, focusing on studies published in the past decade. Data were extracted and synthesized in matrix format to compare and contrast findings across the three regions.

Results: Key characteristics of PT interventions within CBR programs varied across regions. Asian LMICs emphasized a holistic approach and assistive technologies, African LMICs focused on lifestyle interventions and mHealth, while Latin American LMICs prioritized physical activity and culturally adapted interventions. Reported outcomes included improved physical functioning, quality of life, and participation in social activities. However, challenges such as limited resources, lack of trained personnel, and cultural barriers hindered effective implementation in all regions.

Discussion: Despite regional variations, common themes emerged, including the need for context-specific interventions, integration of PT with other services for collaborative efforts to achieve desired outcomes, and investment in training and infrastructure. The findings highlight the potential of PT in CBR programs to improve the lives of individuals with disabilities in LMICs, but also underscore the need for further cohesive collaborative efforts, research and investment to address existing challenges.

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